Pavement Engineering · Asphalt Binder Specifications · 2025–2026 Update
DOT
Technical Analysis

Asphalt Binder Specifications
Across the USA

A comprehensive comparison of PG grade requirements, MSCR implementation, PAV conditions, polymer mandates, and key exclusions across every U.S. state and Washington, D.C.

51Jurisdictions Analyzed
Early 2026Specs Current as of
AASHTO M320 & M332Standards Referenced
51
States + DC
13
Full M332
18+
REOB Prohibited
4
ΔTc Required

Performance-Graded (PG) asphalt binder specifications are not monolithic. Every state DOT interprets the AASHTO framework through its own climate demands, traffic realities, and institutional history — resulting in a patchwork of requirements that can differ substantially even between neighboring states. This analysis distills the binder specifications from all 50 states plus the District of Columbia into a single interactive reference.

The foundational standard, AASHTO M320, provides the baseline PG grading framework: DSR tests on original and RTFO-aged binder, BBR creep stiffness and m-value from PAV-aged residue, and flash point and viscosity requirements. What varies dramatically is how states layer additional requirements on top — or depart from M320 entirely in favor of M332's Multiple Stress Creep and Recovery (MSCR) framework.

"The shift from elastic recovery to MSCR is still actively unfolding. As of early 2026, fewer than a third of states have fully moved to M332 — but that share is growing."

The MSCR Divide

AASHTO M332, which replaced elastic recovery testing with the MSCR protocol's Jnr and percent recovery metrics, was finalized in 2014. Yet adoption has been uneven. States like Maryland, New York, Connecticut, Pennsylvania, and the Combined States Binder Group members (Minnesota, Iowa, Wisconsin, Nebraska, North Dakota) implemented full M332 relatively quickly. Others — including Alabama, Mississippi, Arkansas, North Carolina, and Michigan — remain on M320 with traditional elastic recovery or no modifier-specific requirement at all.

A third cohort occupies a middle ground: states such as Florida, Georgia, Tennessee, and Delaware apply MSCR criteria only to their modified or high-performance grades while retaining M320 for standard neat binders. Several states are explicitly transitioning — Wyoming began phasing in M332 grades in October 2024, and Montana introduced MSCR via special provision in 2025.

Combined States Binder Group (CSBG): Iowa, Minnesota, Wisconsin, Nebraska, North Dakota, and South Dakota formed this consortium to coordinate specification development. All CSBG members specify Jnr at 3.2 kPa and percent recovery across S/H/V/E grade tiers, with Jnr limits of 4.5, 2.0, 1.0, and 0.5 kPa⁻¹ respectively.

PAV Conditions and ΔTc

Pressure Aging Vessel (PAV) conditions are largely standardized at 100°C, 20 hours, 300 psi — but meaningful exceptions exist. States in colder climates (Alaska, Illinois for PG46 grades, Massachusetts) use 90°C to better simulate long-term aging at lower pavement temperatures. At the other end, Arizona mandates 110°C for PG70 and above, Nevada specifies 110°C for its NV-designated modified grades, and Michigan runs 110°C for PG76+.

A growing development is the Delta Tc (ΔTc) parameter, derived from the BBR test on 40-hour PAV-aged binder. Florida, Illinois, Kansas, and Utah now require ΔTc values — typically ≥ −5.0°C — as an indicator of binder embrittlement and fatigue susceptibility. Utah applies a tighter threshold of ≥ −1.0°C for modified grades. Expect this parameter to appear in more specifications as the research base matures.

Polymer Requirements and Key Exclusions

Polymer modification requirements vary from fully prescriptive to entirely performance-based. Alabama mandates polymer for PG 64-22 and 76-22 and requires FTIR verification. Kansas requires polymer modification for all grades above PG 64-22. New York mandates PMA for all mixtures except temporary pavements. Vermont has standardized on PG 70-28 (PMA) for all projects. Texas, by contrast, allows any grade to meet its MSCR percent recovery thresholds without specifying a modifier type.

Exclusions are perhaps the most consistently enforced area of differentiation. Re-refined Engine Oil Bottoms (REOB) is prohibited in over a dozen states and restricted in most others. Air-blown asphalt is prohibited in Alabama, Arizona, Colorado, Georgia, Illinois, New Hampshire, Ohio, South Carolina, and South Dakota. Polyphosphoric Acid (PPA) treatment is outright prohibited in Arizona, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Illinois, and Pennsylvania; capped at 0.5–1.0% in Texas, Tennessee, Louisiana, New Mexico, Wyoming, Nebraska, and others; and unrestricted or undeclared in the remainder.

Notable State Profiles

IL
Most Detailed — Jan 2026 Update
Five separate binder tables: non-modified, SBS-modified, GTR-modified, softener-modified (SM), and SBS-SM combined. Requires ΔTc ≥ −5°C from 40-hr PAV. Prohibits PPA, REOB, and air blown.
TX
Widest PG Grade Range
Specifies PG grades from 58-22 through 82-28. Uses a unique low-temperature DSR test (Tex-553-C) and applies both minimum and maximum DSR limits for substitute binders. MSCR %Rec with ER fallback.
MI
Broadest Grade Library
M320 non-modified grades span PG 46-34 through 82-34. Separate tables for SBS-P and SBR-P grades. PAV at 110°C for PG76+. Elastic recovery and force ductility required for polymer grades.
AZ
PAV Tied to PG Grade
PAV temperature shifts from 100°C (PG64 and below) to 110°C (PG70 and above). Terminal blend rubber requires min 8% crumb rubber + 3% SBS. No PPA, REOB, or air blown.
VA
High Polymer Grade
Full M332 since 2015 with a unique 76E-28 (HP) grade specifying Jnr ≤ 0.1 kPa⁻¹, %Rec ≥ 90%, and viscosity ≤ 5.0 Pa·s — the most demanding single-grade MSCR requirement in the dataset.
UT
Strictest ΔTc
Requires ΔTc ≥ −1.0°C (versus −5°C elsewhere) for modified grades, plus phase angle maxima of 70–74° and elevated G*/sinδ minimums (1.30 kPa) for high-span PG grades. BBR stiffness range: 150–300 MPa for some grades.
Finding · MSCR Adoption
~25% of states have fully adopted M332. Another ~25% apply MSCR selectively to modified or heavy-traffic grades. The remaining half still specify M320 with elastic recovery or no modifier test.
Finding · PAV Temperature
The vast majority of states use 100°C PAV. Cold-climate states use 90°C for low-temperature grades; hot-climate or high-PG grades in AZ, NV, MI, and CA trigger 110°C conditioning.
Finding · REOB Policy
REOB prohibition is widespread but not universal. South Carolina is the only state that explicitly allows REOB — with the requirement that it be disclosed in the binder QC Plan.
Finding · ΔTc Trajectory
Only 4 states currently require ΔTc. But Florida, Illinois, Kansas, and Utah represent a leading edge — several others (Tennessee, TxDOT) now report it for informational purposes, suggesting broader adoption is coming.

Interactive Specification Database

Search, filter, and compare binder specifications across all 51 jurisdictions. Click column headers to sort.

State PG grades MSCR status DSR original DSR RTFO BBR S max m-value min PAV temp ΔTc req. Polymer notes REOB policy
State Standard Implementation notes Test temp Jnr 3.2 limit % Recovery basis
State PAV temp (standard) PAV temp (mod / high-PG) Duration Pressure ΔTc requirement
State Polymer types allowed Grades requiring polymer REOB PPA Air blown Other notes

MSCR Implementation Status

Key Exclusion Counts

Methodology

Specification data was extracted directly from each state DOT's official binder specification sheet, with revision dates ranging from 2020 through early 2026. Where multiple tables exist within a state's specification (e.g., separate requirements for non-modified, SBS-modified, and GTR-modified binders), the overview table reflects the most commonly applied grade tier. Readers should consult each state's current specification document directly before specifying materials for a project.

The standard BBR requirements — creep stiffness S ≤ 300 MPa and m-value ≥ 0.300 — are universal across all 51 jurisdictions and are not a point of differentiation. Variation occurs in the PAV aging temperature used to condition the BBR specimen, the BBR test temperature itself (which is grade-dependent in all cases), and — in Utah — a narrower acceptable stiffness range for some grades.